Healthcare Insights
Top 10 most common urology diagnoses
Urology is the field of healthcare that is specifically focused on diseases of the male and female urinary tract. This includes diseases affecting the urethra, ureters, kidneys, and bladder. Furthermore, urology also focuses on the male organs responsible for reproduction, including the testes, penis, prostate, and scrotum.
Using 2024 claims data from the Definitive Healthcare Atlas All-Payor Claims product, we identified the most common diagnoses made by urologists, based on all diagnosis codes listed on claims submitted under the specialties of Urology and Pediatric Urology.
| Rank | Diagnosis | % claims | % primary claims | Explore dataset |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract symptoms | 21.80% | 13.70% | Explore |
| 2 | Malignant neoplasm of prostate | 12.60% | 10.10% | Explore |
| 3 | Elevated prostate specific antigen [PSA] | 11.80% | 7.40% | Explore |
| 4 | Calculus of kidney | 9.80% | 6.80% | Explore |
| 5 | Urinary tract infection, site not specified | 6.10% | 3.20% | Explore |
| 6 | Testicular hypofunction | 4.20% | 2.70% | Explore |
| 7 | Retention of urine, unspecified | 4.80% | 2.50% | Explore |
| 8 | Gross hematuria | 4.30% | 2.40% | Explore |
| 9 | Calculus of ureter | 3.00% | 2.30% | Explore |
| 10 | Benign prostatic hyperplasia without lower urinary tract symptoms | 4.10% | 2.20% | Explore |
Fig. 1. Data from the Definitive Healthcare’s Atlas All-Payor Claims product. Accessed June 2025.
What are the most common urology diagnoses?
Both total and primary-only counts are shown to highlight how diagnoses are used in practice. For example, Nocturia ranks 5th in overall claim frequency but only 22nd as a primary diagnosis, indicating it’s often coded as a secondary concern rather than the main reason for the visit.
Based on this data, the most common diagnosis made by urologists is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with lower urinary tract symptoms, which appears in more than 1 in 5 urology claims (21.8%). It’s also the most common primary diagnosis, underscoring its central role in driving patient visits.
Prostate cancer (malignant neoplasm of the prostate) follows closely, appearing in over 10% of claims and ranking second as a primary diagnosis. Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels come next. While PSA elevation is frequently noted (nearly 12% of all claims), it’s less likely to be the primary reason for a visit, suggesting it’s often part of ongoing monitoring or screening.
Kidney stones (calculus of the kidney) also rank highly in both overall and primary diagnosis counts. When kidney stones are diagnosed, they tend to be the main focus of care, which aligns with the acute and painful nature of the condition.
Other diagnoses in the top 10 include urinary tract infections, testicular hypofunction, urinary retention, gross hematuria, ureteral stones, and BPH without lower urinary tract symptoms. Some of these, like gross hematuria, are common as secondary diagnoses and may be symptoms of other underlying issues.
Importantly, the top 10 primary diagnoses by urologists account for roughly 53% of all claims, indicating a strong concentration of urology care around a relatively small number of conditions.
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